The Complete Guide to Oak Timber Framing in Scotland
- WoodWorks
- Sep 23, 2025
- 7 min read
Updated: Jan 4
Oak timber framing is one of the oldest and most trusted building techniques in Scotland. While it may not dominate the high streets of Scottish towns as it does in England, a strong tradition of timber-framed construction existed until the 1800s. A stroll down Edinburgh's High Street reveals beautiful examples of timber-framed buildings. Today, oak timber framing merges heritage craftsmanship with modern engineering, resulting in structures that are not only beautiful but also durable and sustainable. At WoodWorks Bespoke Carpentry, we specialise in designing and building oak frames that enhance homes across Angus, Perthshire, Fife, and throughout Scotland.
What Is Oak Timber Framing?
Oak timber framing is a traditional construction method that employs large, exposed oak beams to create the structural skeleton of a building. These beams are held together with oak pegs and, occasionally, metalwork to satisfy structural engineers. Such structures are as much a beautiful piece of furniture in your home as they are the backbone of your building. You can see examples of this approach across our oak frame projects. In Scotland, oak has been used for centuries due to its strength and natural beauty. Traditional mortise and tenon joints of various designs are often used to connect the timbers. With hundreds of years of development in timber framing, there are countless joint details to choose from.
Taking a wander through some of our historic buildings, you will see magnificent examples of timber frame construction above you. Our craft has been passed down through generations, with many timber-framed structures still standing proudly after hundreds of years. From modest rural cottages to grand cathedrals, we create buildings that exude solidity, while the exposed timbers bring warmth and elegance.
Benefits of Oak Timber Frames
Strength & Longevity
Oak is exceptionally strong and durable, often lasting for hundreds of years when properly maintained. Oak timber frames are renowned for their incredible strength and exceptional longevity, making them a timeless choice in construction. As one of the most durable hardwoods, oak naturally resists decay and weathers beautifully over time, often lasting for centuries with minimal maintenance. Its dense grain not only provides structural integrity but also allows it to withstand heavy loads and shifting conditions, ensuring buildings remain solid and secure for generations.
Beyond its practical benefits, the enduring character of oak timber frames adds a sense of history, craftsmanship, and authenticity that modern materials simply cannot replicate.
Sustainability & Eco-Credentials
Oak is a renewable resource and, when sourced responsibly, contributes to environmentally friendly construction. Oak timber frames are not only strong and beautiful, but they also carry impressive sustainability credentials. As a renewable resource, oak absorbs carbon dioxide throughout its life, locking it away even when used in construction, which helps reduce the overall carbon footprint of a building. Responsibly sourced oak comes from well-managed forests where new trees are continually planted, ensuring long-term ecological balance.
Unlike energy-intensive building materials such as steel or concrete, oak requires minimal processing, making it a low-impact choice from harvest to installation. Choosing oak timber frames means investing in a structure that is both environmentally responsible and built to last, marrying eco-conscious living with timeless craftsmanship.
Aesthetic Appeal
Oak timber frames bring a unique warmth and character to any building, with their natural beauty instantly creating a sense of charm and authenticity. The rich tones and distinctive grain patterns of oak improve with age, deepening in colour and developing a patina that tells the story of the building over time. Exposed beams add striking architectural detail, blending seamlessly with both traditional and contemporary designs. The craftsmanship behind a hand-finished oak frame elevates a home into something truly special.
This timeless aesthetic ensures that oak is not just a structural choice, but a design statement that enhances the atmosphere and value of a property for generations. A considered design can make your project stand out.
Types of Oak Timber Framed Structures
Oak timber frame carpentry has played a vital role in construction for centuries, valued for its strength, durability, and natural beauty. In grand cathedrals and medieval halls, oak frames were used to create soaring roof structures and intricate trusses that combined engineering skill with decorative craftsmanship. Many of these structures still stand today as testaments to their resilience.
In manor houses and civic buildings, oak provided both structural integrity and a visible statement of wealth and permanence. At the other end of the scale, oak framing continues to play an important role in modern homes and rural buildings, where its natural character and sustainability appeal to contemporary tastes. Today, oak frames are often celebrated as a design feature, left exposed to bring warmth and craftsmanship into light-filled living spaces, garden rooms, and extensions. Examples range from extensions and garden rooms to full homes, all of which can be seen within our projects gallery.
In this way, oak timber framing remains as relevant in twenty-first-century construction as it was in the great buildings of the past. Thanks to modern design techniques and advancements in timber engineering, today’s timber frame carpenters are well adept at producing extraordinary contemporary buildings and spaces. Rooted in the history and knowledge of previous generations, oak timber framing now finds expression in everything from extensions to rural cottages to new commercial spaces such as farm shops and restaurants.
Oak frames not only provide strength and longevity but also create inviting, characterful environments that connect modern living with a timeless tradition of craftsmanship.
For those seeking a complete oak-framed home, we can deliver a package from timber frame only to a completed home.
Bring natural light and warmth into your home with oak-framed extensions and sunrooms.
Enhance kerb appeal with a striking oak-framed porch or entranceway.
Oak-framed garages and outbuildings combine functionality with beauty.
The Design & Build Process
It is imperative that you engage with a contractor who knows how to work with oak timber framing. We have seen some shocking results over the years. In Scotland, there is a small but select group of companies that have gained the valuable experience and knowledge to properly design, manufacture, and install your frame. There are probably just as many that claim to be able to make a timber frame, though they will learn the pitfalls of the craft while making your frame. You can learn more about our process, from early design through workshop manufacture and site installation.
Once you have found a reputable timber framer, the process from initial contact to a finished building usually looks something like this:
Consultation & Design – We discuss your ideas and create initial drawings alongside the architect's drawings of the whole build. If you already have an architect, that's great. If not, we can point you in the right direction.
Engineering, Planning & Warrant Stage – Once a design has been agreed upon, the structure must be assessed by an engineer to approve its suitability. Your architect will also liaise with your local planning department to ensure that planning permission is granted if needed. Before works can begin, a building warrant must be obtained.
Timber Sourcing and Workshop Manufacture – Whether you opt for locally grown Scottish Oak or European Oak, a bespoke list of the timbers needed for your project is sent to the sawmill. There, the timbers are selected for suitability and cut to size. They are then delivered to our workshops for our team of carpenters to work their magic, turning a lorry load of oak into a magnificent new space.
Site Installation – Your frame will arrive on-site ready to be assembled and erected by a team of professional carpenters. Each joint will have been fitted and fettled in the workshop, so installation should be a straightforward exercise. Clients are usually amazed at how quickly the slab of concrete foundations transforms into a building as the team erects the frame.
Costs & Planning Considerations
The cost of an oak timber frame project varies depending on size, complexity, and materials. It is not unreasonable to expect to pay approximately £2,500-£3,500 per square metre for your finished build. Glazing an oak frame can cost as much as the frame itself, depending on the volume of glass. We can glaze the frame for you, or if our programmes don't align, we can recommend a specialist oak frame glazing company.
Planning permission is usually required in Scotland, and your architect will guide you through this process.
Maintenance & Longevity
Oak frames require minimal maintenance. Over time, the beams weather naturally, developing a silver-grey patina. Optional finishes can preserve or alter the look. With care, oak frames can last for generations.
A note on external finishes: once applied, any external timber finish will require annual maintenance. Speak to us about options for taking care of the exterior of your building. Oak weathers exceptionally well outdoors. As long as the carpentry has been well detailed to allow water egress and airflow, there is no need for protective coatings. Often, these are applied to maintain the golden hue of the oak, rather than letting it age to a silvery patina.
Why Choose WoodWorks Bespoke Carpentry
WoodWorks Bespoke Carpentry is based in Angus and serves clients across Scotland. We specialise in oak timber frames, structural carpentry, and bespoke carpentry projects. As a group of carpenters, we are meticulous in our approach to our craft. The buildings we produce are second to none in Scotland. From our initial contact to your completed project, we pride ourselves on ensuring our customers receive the best timber-framed buildings money can buy.
Communication is key to any good relationship. You will have a dedicated point of contact from the beginning to the end of your project. Our gallery showcases a range of projects, from sunrooms and garages to full oak frame homes. Client testimonials highlight our commitment to quality and craftsmanship.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is oak timber framing?
It is a traditional method of construction using large oak beams joined with techniques such as mortise and tenon joints. This creates a strong and visually striking structure that can last for centuries.
How much does an oak timber frame extension cost in Scotland?
Costs vary depending on the size and complexity of the project. We provide tailored quotes for each client, with honest pricing at the heart of our business.
Is oak framing sustainable?
Yes, oak is a renewable resource. When responsibly sourced, it is a highly sustainable construction material with a low environmental impact.
Do oak frames need special maintenance?
Not much. Oak naturally weathers and strengthens over time. Finishes can be applied to control colour and surface appearance if desired.
Can oak frames be combined with modern glazing and insulation?
Absolutely. Oak frames can be designed to work with modern glazing systems and insulation to achieve energy-efficient performance.
If you’re considering an oak timber framing project and would like to discuss next steps, you’re welcome to get in touch.
